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Bernstein made a significant contribution to the study of communication with his sociolinguistic theory of language codes, which was developed to explain inequalities based on social class as found in language use. [4] The theory holds that there are elaborated and restricted codes within the broader category of language codes.
Works by Basil Bernstein heavily influenced Philipsen. Bernstein used the term "speech codes" in sociology and further elaborated on speech codes and their contexts. He stated that, "within the same society, there can exist different social groups or social classes whose communicative practices differ in important ways" (Philipsen,1997).
The idea of these social language codes from Bernstein contrast with famous linguist Noam Chomsky's ideas. Chomsky, deemed the "father of modern linguistics", argues that there is a universal grammar, meaning that humans are born with an innate capacity for linguistic skills like sentence-building. This theory has been criticized by several ...
Contextualization cues are both verbal and non-verbal signs that language speakers use and language listeners hear that give clues into relationships, the situation, and the environment of the conversation (Ishida 2006). An example of contextualization in academia is the work of Basil Bernstein (1990 [1971]).
The concept of elaborated and restricted codes was introduced by sociologist Basil Bernstein in his book Class, Codes and Control. The use of an elaborated code indicates that the speaker and listener do not share significant amounts of common knowledge, and hence they may need to "spell out" their ideas more fully: elaborated codes tend to be ...
the substance of the speech codes (whether they contained a vocabulary or way of speaking that held meanings for social constructs and worlds). how speech codes could be observed and formulated. the force of the speech code in social life. (Philipsen and Albrecht 119-156) Works by Basil Bernstein heavily influenced Philipsen. Bernstein used the ...
Language, the Learner and the School (with Douglas Barnes, Penguin, 1969) Language and class: A critical look at the theories of Basil Bernstein (1972) The Language of Primary School Children (with Connie Rosen, Penguin, 1973) Languages and Dialects of London Schoolchildren: An Investigation (with Tyrrell Burgess, 1980)
Cultural deprivation is a theory in sociology where a person has inferior norms, values, skills and knowledge. The theory states that people of lower social classes experience cultural deprivation compared with those above and that this disadvantages them, as a result of which the gap between classes increases.