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Punjabi is the most widely spoken language in Pakistan. It is spoken as a first language by 38.78% of Pakistanis. [24] The language is spoken among a significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Bengali, the official state language, is the dominant language in Kolkata. [134] English is also used, particularly by the white-collar workforce. Hindi and Urdu are spoken by a sizeable minority. [135] [136] Bengali Hindus form the majority of Kolkata's population; Marwaris, Biharis and Urdu-speaking Muslims compose large minorities. [137]
Urdu is the sole national, and one of the two official languages of Pakistan (along with English). [106] It is spoken and understood throughout the country, whereas the state-by-state languages (languages spoken throughout various regions) are the provincial languages, although only 7.57% of Pakistanis speak Urdu as their first language. [165]
Although the majority of Urdu-speakers reside in Pakistan (including 30 million native speakers, [5] and up to 94 million second-language speakers), [10] where Urdu is the national and official language, most speakers who use Urdu as their native tongue live in northern India, where it is one of 22 official languages. [112]
Western Indo-Aryan languages are spoken in central and western India, in states such as Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, in addition to contiguous regions in Pakistan. Gujarati is the official language of Gujarat, and is spoken by over 50 million people. In Europe, various Romani languages are spoken by the Romani people, an itinerant community ...
According to the 2023 census, speakers of the Kohistani languages accounted around 1 million of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province population. [55] Kohistani is an umbrella term encompassing several languages spoken in the north of the province, including Indus Kohistani, Bateri, Chilisso, Gawri, Gawro, Torwali, and Mankiyali. [56] [57]
Kolkata district is the only district in the state with a negative growth rate (−1.7%) for the 2001–2011 decade. Kolkata district has the second highest literacy rate (86.3%) in the state. [22] Kolkata metropolitan area, extending over an area of 1851.41 km 2, is one of the six metropolitan areas in India.
A language that uniquely represents the national identity of a state, nation, and/or country and is so designated by a country's government; some are technically minority languages. (On this page a national language is followed by parentheses that identify it as a national language status.) Some countries have more than one language with this ...