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A variety of hardness-testing methods are available, including the Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell, Meyer and Leeb tests. Although it is impossible in many cases to give an exact conversion, it is possible to give an approximate material-specific comparison table for steels .
The Brinell hardness is designated by the most commonly used test standards (ASTM E10-14 [2] and ISO 6506–1:2005) as HBW (H from hardness, B from brinell and W from the material of the indenter, tungsten (wolfram) carbide). In former standards HB or HBS were used to refer to measurements made with steel indenters.
Mohs hardness [1] Vickers hardness (MPa) [1] Brinell hardness (MPa) [1] Brinell hardness (MPa) [note 1] [2] 3: Li: lithium: 0.6: 5: 4: Be: beryllium: 5.5: 1670: 590 ...
The Vickers hardness test was developed in 1921 by Robert L. Smith and George E. Sandland at Vickers Ltd as an alternative to the Brinell method to measure the hardness of materials. [1] The Vickers test is often easier to use than other hardness tests since the required calculations are independent of the size of the indenter, and the indenter ...
A test takes a mere 2 seconds and, using the standard probe D, leaves an indentation of just ~0.5 mm in diameter on steel or steel casting with a Leeb hardness of 600 HLD. By comparison, a Brinell indentation on the same material is ~3 mm (hardness value ~400 HBW 10/3000), with a standard-compliant measuring time of ~15 seconds plus the time ...
In an experimental situation the hardness of the uppermost layer of material in the contact may not be known with any certainty, consequently, the ratio is more useful; this is known as the dimensional wear coefficient or the specific wear rate. This is usually quoted in units of mm 3 N −1 m −1. [5]
Vickers test scheme An indentation left in case-hardened steel after a Vickers hardness test. The hardness of a material is directly related to its incompressibility, elasticity and resistance to change in shape. A superhard material has high shear modulus, high bulk modulus, and does not deform plastically. Ideally superhard materials should ...
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness; The Vickers hardness test; The Brinell scale; The Janka hardness test; The Rockwell scale; The Durometer scale; The Barcol scale;