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Free energy diagram of n-butane as a function of dihedral angle. In stereochemistry, a torsion angle is defined as a particular example of a dihedral angle, describing the geometric relation of two parts of a molecule joined by a chemical bond. [4] [5] Every set of three non-colinear atoms of a molecule defines a half-plane. As explained above ...
The polar angle may be called inclination angle, zenith angle, normal angle, or the colatitude. The user may choose to replace the inclination angle by its complement , the elevation angle (or altitude angle ), measured upward between the reference plane and the radial line—i.e., from the reference plane upward (towards to the positive z-axis ...
In biochemistry, a Ramachandran plot (also known as a Rama plot, a Ramachandran diagram or a [φ,ψ] plot), originally developed in 1963 by G. N. Ramachandran, C. Ramakrishnan, and V. Sasisekharan, [1] is a way to visualize energetically allowed regions for backbone dihedral angles ( also called as torsional angles , phi and psi angles ) ψ ...
the value of a plane angle in physics and mathematics; the angle to the z axis in spherical coordinates (mathematics) epoch or phase difference between two waves or vectors; the angle to the x axis in the xy-plane in spherical or cylindrical coordinates (physics) latitude in geodesy; radiant flux; neutron flux; Potential energy; electric potential
In chemistry an eclipsed conformation is a conformation in which two substituents X and Y on adjacent atoms A, B are in closest proximity, implying that the torsion angle X–A–B–Y is 0°. [1] Such a conformation can exist in any open chain, single chemical bond connecting two sp 3-hybridised atoms, and it is normally a conformational ...
a torsion angle between ±90° and 180° is called anti (a) a torsion angle between 30° and 150° or between −30° and −150° is called clinal (c) a torsion angle between 0° and ±30° or ±150° and 180° is called periplanar (p) a torsion angle between 0° and ±30° is called synperiplanar (sp), also called syn-or cis-conformation
The F–C–C–F dihedral angle is 68°, whereas the I–C–C–I dihedral angle is 180°. [1] In the study of conformational isomerism, the gauche effect is an atypical situation where a gauche conformation (groups separated by a torsion angle of approximately 60°) is more stable than the anti conformation (180°). [2]
Torsion of a square section bar Example of torsion mechanics. In the field of solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque [1] [2].Torsion could be defined as strain [3] [4] or angular deformation [5], and is measured by the angle a chosen section is rotated from its equilibrium position [6].