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German nationality law details the conditions by which an individual is a national of Germany. The primary law governing these requirements is the Nationality Act, which came into force on 1 January 1914. Germany is a member state of the European Union (EU) and all German nationals are EU citizens.
The English term Germans is derived from the ethnonym Germani, which was used for Germanic peoples in ancient times. [7] [8] Since the early modern period, it has been the most common name for the Germans in English, being applied to any citizens, natives or inhabitants of Germany, regardless of whether they are considered to have German ethnicity.
However, the German Empire as a "Lesser German" answer to the German Question, did not encompass more than two thirds of the German Sprachraum (language area). For someone who considered themselves German but living abroad, e.g., in multi-ethnic Austria-Hungary , reichsdeutsch meant any German who was a citizen of the German Reich , as opposed ...
Sources estimate that there are around 15,000 German citizens and Mexicans of German-citizen origin account for about 75,000 today. [105] Also of note, the 'Colegio Alemán Alexander von Humboldt', or Alexander von Humboldt school in Mexico City is the largest German school outside Germany.
Spouses and same-sex civil partners of German citizens can be naturalised after only 3 years of residence (and two years of marriage). [111]: 42 Under certain conditions children born on German soil after the year 1990 are automatically granted German citizenship and, in most cases, also hold the citizenship of their parent's home country.
The English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. [12] The German term Deutschland, originally diutisciu land ('the German lands'), is derived from deutsch (cf. Dutch), descended from Old High German diutisc 'of the people' (from diot or diota 'people'), originally used to distinguish the language of ...
A German passport A German identity card is valid for travel to most European countries. Visa requirements for German citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Germany. As of 16 July 2024, German citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 192 countries and territories.
For Jewish citizens, as defined in the "First Ordinance of the Reich Citizenship Law" (Reichsbürgergesetz) enacted on November 14, 1935, obtaining and carrying this card was obligatory, as it marked them as Jewish and distinguished them from the rest of the German population; [6] these cards were printed with a prominent 'J' imprint.