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where μ is the electric dipole moment of the effectively polarized water molecule (2.35 D for the SPC/E model), μ 0 is the dipole moment of an isolated water molecule (1.85 D from experiment), and α i is an isotropic polarizability constant, with a value of 1.608 × 10 −40 F·m 2. Since the charges in the model are constant, this ...
Note that the dipole moments drawn in this diagram represent the shift of the valence electrons as the origin of the charge, which is opposite the direction of the actual electric dipole moment. The bond dipole moment [5] uses the idea of electric dipole moment to measure the polarity of a chemical bond within a molecule. It occurs whenever ...
The electric dipole moment is a measure of the separation of positive and negative electrical charges within a system: that is, a measure of the system's overall polarity. The SI unit for electric dipole moment is the coulomb-metre (C⋅m). The debye (D) is another unit of measurement used in atomic physics and chemistry.
The polarizability of an atom or molecule is defined as the ratio of its induced dipole moment to the local electric field; in a crystalline solid, one considers the dipole moment per unit cell. [1] Note that the local electric field seen by a molecule is generally different from the macroscopic electric field that would be measured externally.
The most precise measurement of α comes from the anomalous magnetic dipole moment, or g−2 (pronounced "g minus 2"), of the electron. [2] To make this measurement, two ingredients are needed: A precise measurement of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment, and; A precise theoretical calculation of the anomalous magnetic dipole moment in terms ...
The size of the induced dipole moment is equal to the product of the strength of the external field and the dipole polarizability of ρ. Dipole moment values can be obtained from measurement of the dielectric constant. Some typical gas phase values given with the unit debye are: [7] carbon dioxide: 0; carbon monoxide: 0.112 D; ozone: 0.53 D
The identity of the functional form of the stationary electric and magnetic fields has led to defining the magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment equally well as =, or in the following way, imitating the moment p of an electric dipole: The magnetic dipole can be represented by a needle of a compass with fictitious magnetic charges on the two ...
It can be put in by hand, or calculated approximately using any of a number of well-known relations between the dipole fluctuations inside the simulation box and the macroscopic dielectric constant. [4] Another possible modification is to take into account the finite time required for the reaction field to respond to changes in the cavity.