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The symptoms and signs associated with convergence insufficiency are related to prolonged, visually demanding, near-centered tasks. They may include, but are not limited to, diplopia (double vision), asthenopia (eye strain), transient blurred vision, difficulty sustaining near-visual function, abnormal fatigue, headache, and abnormal postural adaptation, among others.
Differential diagnosis. Convergence insufficiency. Accommodative insufficiency ( AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. Accommodation is the adjustment of the curvature of the lens to focus on objects near and far. In this condition, amplitude of accommodation of a person is lesser compared to physiological limits ...
In ophthalmology, accommodative excess (also known as excessive accommodation or accommodation excess) occurs when an individual uses more than normal accommodation (focusing on close objects) for performing certain near work. Accommodative excess has traditionally been defined as accommodation that is persistently higher than expected for the ...
Vergence. The two eyes converge to point to the same object. A vergence is the simultaneous movement of both eyes in opposite directions to obtain or maintain single binocular vision. [ 1] When a creature with binocular vision looks at an object, the eyes must rotate around a vertical axis so that the projection of the image is in the centre of ...
A common form of exotropia is known as "convergence insufficiency" that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises. This disorder is characterized by an inability of the eyes to work together when used for near viewing, such as reading. Instead of the eyes focusing together on the near object, one deviates outward.
Argyll Robertson pupils ( AR pupils) are bilateral small pupils that reduce in size on a near object (i.e., they accommodate ), but do not constrict when exposed to bright light (i.e., they do not react). They are a highly specific sign of neurosyphilis; however, Argyll Robertson pupils may also be a sign of diabetic neuropathy.
Spasm of accommodation. A spasm of accommodation (also known as a ciliary spasm, an accommodation, or accommodative spasm) is a condition in which the ciliary muscle of the eye remains in a constant state of contraction. Normal accommodation allows the eye to "accommodate" for near-vision. However, in a state of perpetual contraction, the ...
Accommodative infacility also known as accommodative inertia[ 1] is the inability to change the accommodation of the eye with enough speed and accuracy to achieve normal function. This can result in visual fatigue, headaches, and difficulty reading. [ 2] The delay in accurate accommodation also makes vision blurry for a moment when switching ...