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British India, consisting of the directly ruled British presidencies and provinces, contained the most populous and valuable parts of the British Empire and thus became known as "the jewel in the British crown". India, during its colonial era, was a founding member of the League of Nations, a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900 ...
The percentage of national income for the village economy increased from 44% during Mughal times to 54% by the end of colonial period. India's per capita GDP decreased from 1990 Int'l$550 in 1700 to $520 by 1857, although it later increased to $618, by 1947. [196]
The British Raj was the period of British Parliament rule on the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947, for around 89 years of British occupation. The system of governance was instituted in 1858 when the rule of the East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria .
The term British India also applied to Burma (now Myanmar) for a shorter time period: beginning in 1824, a small part of Burma, and by 1886, almost two thirds of Burma had been made part of British India. [8] This arrangement lasted until 1937, when Burma was reorganized as a separate British colony.
The British era is significant because during this period a very large number of famines struck India. [2] [3] There is a vast literature on the famines in colonial British India. [4] The mortality in these famines was excessively high and in some may have been increased by British policies. [5]
The difficulty of travel to India, as well as poor health outcomes in the early colonial period, greatly challenged British visitors initially; after 1837, overland travel (after 1840, connecting to steam ships, and from the 1850s, involving newly built railways) [15] to India was popularised, with stopovers in places such as Egypt gaining ...
The rule of the Indian economy under the British Raj refers to the period of the British's direct imperial rule over India from 1858 to 1947, which mainly arose due to revolt against the Company rule by Indians. This marked the formal conquest of India by the British. [2] An early railway tram used to transport sugar during 1898.
After the Indian Rebellion in 1857, the new British administration created a close partnership with certain land-holders and princes to strengthen their grip on power. This was either to create a colonial hierarchy of the various ethnic groups in India, "each arranged into appropriate social classes, whose spiritual and material improvement were entrusted to the paternal direction of ...