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In cryptography, truncated differential cryptanalysis is a generalization of differential cryptanalysis, an attack against block ciphers. Lars Knudsen developed the technique in 1994. Whereas ordinary differential cryptanalysis analyzes the full difference between two texts, the truncated variant considers differences that are only partially ...
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [3] [4] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
SHA-2 basically consists of two hash algorithms: SHA-256 and SHA-512. SHA-224 is a variant of SHA-256 with different starting values and truncated output. SHA-384 and the lesser-known SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are all variants of SHA-512. SHA-512 is more secure than SHA-256 and is commonly faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit machines such as AMD64.
HKDF-Expand takes the PRK, some "info", and a length, and generates output of the desired length. HKDF-Expand acts as a pseudorandom function keyed on PRK. This means that multiple outputs can be generated from a single IKM value by using different values for the "info" field.
For example, SHA-256 operates on 512-bit blocks. The size of the output of HMAC is the same as that of the underlying hash function (e.g., 256 and 512 bits in the case of SHA-256 and SHA3-512, respectively), although it can be truncated if desired. HMAC does not encrypt the message.
[citation needed] It takes its name from the poem Beautiful Soup from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland [5] and is a reference to the term "tag soup" meaning poorly-structured HTML code. [6] Richardson continues to contribute to the project, [ 7 ] which is additionally supported by paid open-source maintainers from the company Tidelift.
AES-JS – portable JavaScript implementation of AES ECB and CTR modes; Forge – JavaScript implementations of AES in CBC, CTR, OFB, CFB, and GCM modes; asmCrypto – JavaScript implementation of popular cryptographic utilities with focus on performance. Supports CBC, CFB, CCM modes. pidCrypt – open source JavaScript library. Only supports ...
Python Any 2013 1.0.1 (2021) Unlicense (PD) perldoc: Larry Wall: Text Perl Any 1994 5.16.3 Artistic, GPL phpDocumentor: Joshua Eichorn Text PHP Any 2000 3.0.0 LGPL for 1.x, MIT for 2+ pydoc: Ka-Ping Yee [1] Text Python Any 2000 in Python core Python: RDoc: Dave Thomas Text C, C++, Ruby Any 2001/12/14 in Ruby core Ruby: ROBODoc: Frans Slothouber ...