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Fire making, fire lighting or fire craft is the process of artificially starting a fire. It requires completing the fire triangle , usually by heating tinder above its autoignition temperature . Fire is an essential tool for human survival and the use of fire was important in early human cultural history since the Lower Paleolithic .
A fire drill, sometimes called fire-stick, is a device to start a fire by friction between a rapidly rotating wooden rod (the spindle or shaft) and a cavity on a stationary wood piece (the hearth or fireboard). [1] [2] [3]
An igniting match. A match is a tool for starting a fire.Typically, matches are made of small wooden sticks or stiff paper.One end is coated with a material that can be ignited by friction generated by striking the match against a suitable surface. [1]
Fluid friction describes the friction between layers of a viscous fluid that are moving relative to each other. [7] [8] Lubricated friction is a case of fluid friction where a lubricant fluid separates two solid surfaces. [9] [10] [11] Skin friction is a component of drag, the force resisting the motion of a fluid across the surface of a body.
Flammable solids are solids that are readily combustible, or may cause or contribute to fire through friction. Readily combustible solids are powdered , granular, or pasty substances that easily ignite by brief contact with an ignition source, such as a burning match, and spread flame rapidly. [ 6 ]
The ability to make fire, generally with a friction device with hardwood rubbing against softwood (as in a bow drill), was a later development. [ 13 ] Each of these stages could occur at different intensities, ranging from occasional or " opportunistic " to "habitual" to "obligate" (unable to survive without it).
From the Iron Age forward, until the invention of the friction match in the early 1800s by John Walker, the use of flint and steel was a common method of fire lighting. Percussion fire-starting was prevalent in Europe during ancient times, the Middle Ages and the Viking Age. [3] [6]
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.