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S. pyogenes infections are commonly associated with the release of one or more bacterial toxins. The release of endotoxins from throat infections has been linked to the development of scarlet fever. [7] Other toxins produced by S. pyogenes may lead to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, a life-threatening emergency. [2]
Group A streptococcal infections are a number of infections with Streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococcus (GAS). [1] S. pyogenes is a species of beta-hemolytic Gram-positive bacteria that is responsible for a wide range of infections that are mostly common and fairly mild. If the bacteria enters the bloodstream, the infection can become ...
Most Streptococcus genomes are 1.8 to 2.3 Mb in size and encode 1,700 to 2,300 proteins. Some important genomes are listed in the table. [33] The four species shown in the table (S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and S. mutans) have an average pairwise protein sequence identity of about 70%. [33]
[2] [7] An additional method used to identify B-hemolytic streptococci is the PYR test, which is primarily used in distinguishing S. pyogenes from other B-hemolytic strains by testing for the presence of pyrrolidonyl aminopeptidase. [2] Both the Lancefield antigen grouping sera and PYR test are widely available for commercial usage.
Scarlet fever, also known as scarlatina, is an infectious disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a Group A streptococcus (GAS). [3] It most commonly affects children between five and 15 years of age. [1] The signs and symptoms include a sore throat, fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and a characteristic rash. [1]
Streptolysin O (SLO; slo), is a bacterial toxin that has four protein domains which is known to make the plasma membranes in animal cells permeable. It does this by creating pore complexes within the membrane by first binding a monomer to the cholesterol found in the target membrane and then forming an oligomeric transmembrane pore. [6]
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Double-stranded DNA phage lysins tend to lie within the 25 to 40 kDa range in terms of size. A notable exception is the streptococcal PlyC endolysin, which is 114 kDa. PlyC is not only the biggest and most potent lysin, but also structurally unique since it is composed of two different gene products, PlyCA and PlyCB, with a ratio of eight PlyCB subunits for each PlyCA in its active conformation.