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Unnecessary use of HTML character references may significantly reduce HTML readability. If the character encoding for a web page is chosen appropriately, then HTML character references are usually only required for markup delimiting characters as mentioned above, and for a few special characters (or none at all if a native Unicode encoding like ...
In SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character can manifest directly (representing itself), or can be represented by a series of characters called a character reference, of which there are two types: a numeric character reference and a character entity reference.
In SGML, XML, and HTML, the ampersand is used to introduce an SGML entity, such as (for non-breaking space) or α (for the Greek letter α). The HTML and XML encoding for the ampersand character is the entity &. [38] This can create a problem known as delimiter collision when converting text into one of these markup languages.
In HTML 4, there is a standard set of 252 named character entities for characters - some common, some obscure - that are either not found in certain character encodings or are markup sensitive in some contexts (for example angle brackets and quotation marks). Although any Unicode character can be referenced by its numeric code point, some HTML ...
HTML and XML provide ways to reference Unicode characters when the characters themselves either cannot or should not be used. A numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and a character entity reference refers to a character by a predefined name. A numeric character reference uses the ...
URL encoding, officially known as percent-encoding, is a method to encode arbitrary data in a uniform resource identifier (URI) using only the US-ASCII characters legal within a URI. Although it is known as URL encoding , it is also used more generally within the main Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) set, which includes both Uniform Resource ...
The quoted-printable encoding uses the equals sign as an escape character. URL and URI use % - escapes to quote characters with a special meaning, as for non-ASCII characters. The ampersand ( & ) character may be considered as an escape character in SGML and derived formats such as HTML and XML .
In the initial versions of SGML and HTML, numeric character references were interpreted in relationship to the document character encoding, rather than Unicode. For Latin-script documents, numeric character references to characters between x80 and x9F in those documents will not be correct against Unicode, and must be recoded.