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Direct reduction processes can be divided roughly into two categories: gas-based and coal-based. In both cases, the objective of the process is to remove the oxygen contained in various forms of iron ore (sized ore, concentrates, pellets, mill scale, furnace dust, etc.) in order to convert the ore to metallic iron, without melting it (below 1,200 °C (2,190 °F)).
Plants for the production of pre-reduced iron ore are known as direct reduction plants. The principle involves exposing iron ore to the reducing action of a high-temperature gas (around 1000 °C). This gas is composed of carbon monoxide and dihydrogen, the proportions of which depend on the production process.
The conversion of grains to flour involves several steps that vary with the type of grain used. The initial stages of processing remove the bran and the germ of the seed. . The bran is the outermost layer of grains that contains fiber (primarily insoluble), some protein, and trace miner
Elemental iron, or reduced iron, despite being absorbed at only one-third to two-thirds the efficiency (relative to iron sulfate), [165] is often added to foods such as breakfast cereals or enriched wheat flour.
Red Dye No. 3 is an artificial food coloring derived from petroleum, commonly added to foods, drinks, supplements and drugs to create an appealing cherry-red or pink hue.
Conversely, other fortified foods have micronutrients added to them that don't naturally occur in those substances. An example of this is orange juice, which often is sold with added calcium. [4] Food fortification can also be categorized according to the stage of addition: Commercial and industrial fortification (wheat flour, corn meal ...
Iron deficiency is the "most widespread nutritional disorder" in Cambodia, [5] affecting 44% of the population and resulting in a GDP loss of about $70 billion annually. [6] Cast-iron cookware is known to transmit iron to food through cooking, but the cost to obtain it is prohibitive for impoverished people in rural Cambodia. [7]
The HIsarna ironmaking process is a direct reduced iron process for iron making in which iron ore is processed almost directly into liquid iron ().The process combines two process units, the Cyclone Converter Furnace (CCF) for ore melting and pre-reduction and a Smelting Reduction Vessel (SRV) where the final reduction stage to liquid iron takes place.