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A cabochon (/ ˈ k æ b u ʃ ɒ n /; from Middle French caboche 'head') is a gemstone that has been shaped and polished, as opposed to faceted. The resulting form is usually a convex (rounded) obverse with a flat reverse. [1] Cabochon was the default method of preparing gemstones before gemstone cutting developed. [2]
The art of cutting a gem is an exacting procedure performed on a faceting machine.The ideal product of facet cutting is a gemstone that displays a pleasing balance of internal reflections of light known as brilliance, strong and colorful dispersion which is commonly referred to as "fire", and brightly colored flashes of reflected light known as scintillation.
Agates and turquoise are usually cut this way, but precious stones such as rubies, emeralds and sapphires may also be. [2] [3] [4] Many stones like star sapphires and moonstones must be cut this way in order to properly display their unusual appearance. [1] [4] A faceted shape resembles that of the modern diamond.
Andradite is a mineral species of the garnet group.It is a nesosilicate, with formula Ca 3 Fe 2 Si 3 O 12.. Andradite includes three varieties: Colophonite: a historical variety found in the Scandinavian islands, brownish or reddish in color, often opaque or translucent.
The diamond cut planning stage is a complex process that requires the cutter to work with unique rough stones. Very often, the location of the inclusions in a rough stone will determine the type of shape to which a diamond may be cut. For economic reasons, most diamonds are cut to retain weight instead of maximizing brilliance. [2]
The modern mogul cut evolved from earlier faceting techniques originally used to disguise internal flaws in large stones; [11] in the modern day this cut has also become rare, but still finds occasional use where it is less important to showcase a stone's internal clarity, as with the black and internally opaque Spirit of de Grisogono Diamond.
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