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The separate liver promoter allows glucokinase to be regulated differently in hepatocytes than in the neuroendocrine cells. Neuroendocrine cells of the pancreas, gut, and brain share some common aspects of glucokinase production, regulation, and function. [30] These tissues are collectively referred to as "neuroendocrine" cells in this context.
The glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) also known as glucokinase (hexokinase 4) regulator (GCKR) is a protein produced in hepatocytes (liver cells). GKRP binds and moves glucokinase (GK), thereby controlling both activity and intracellular location [1] [2] of this key enzyme of glucose metabolism. [3] GKRP is a 68 kD protein of 626 amino acids.
Glucokinase (GK) is an enzyme that helps in the glycolytic pathway by phosphorylating glucose into glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). It is an isozyme of hexokinase and is found mainly in pancreatic β cells, but also liver, gut, and brain cells where glycolysis cause glucose-induced insulin secretion. [2]
d -Glucose + 2 [NAD] + + 2 [ADP] + 2 [P] i 2 × Pyruvate 2 × + 2 [NADH] + 2 H + + 2 [ATP] + 2 H 2 O Glycolysis pathway overview The use of symbols in this equation makes it appear unbalanced with respect to oxygen atoms, hydrogen atoms, and charges. Atom balance is maintained by the two phosphate (P i) groups: Each exists in the form of a hydrogen phosphate anion, dissociating to contribute ...
Glycogenesis is the process of glycogen synthesis or the process of converting glucose into glycogen in which glucose molecules are added to chains of glycogen for storage. This process is activated during rest periods following the Cori cycle , in the liver , and also activated by insulin in response to high glucose levels .
Glycolysis can be regulated at different steps of the process through feedback regulation. The step that is regulated the most is the third step. This regulation is to ensure that the body is not over-producing pyruvate molecules. The regulation also allows for the storage of glucose molecules into fatty acids. [5]
Repaglinide (Prandin) can help the body regulate the amount of glucose in the blood by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin before meals. In some cases, the baseline glucose levels are too high as well and insulin is required. MODY2 is an autosomal dominant condition. Autosomal dominance refers to a single, abnormal gene on one of the ...
In enzymology, an ADP-specific glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.147) also known as ADP-dependent glucokinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. ADP + D-glucose AMP + D-glucose 6-phosphate. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ADP and D-glucose, whereas its two products are AMP and D-glucose 6-phosphate.