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e. The School of Diplomacy ( simplified Chinese: 纵 横 家; traditional Chinese: 縱橫家; pinyin: Zōng héng Jiā ), or the School of Vertical and Horizontal Alliances was a political and diplomatic clique during the Warring States period of Chinese history (476-220 BCE). According to the Book of Han, the school was one of the Nine Schools ...
The zipper system, also known as "vertical parity" or the "zebra system", [ 1][ 2] is an electoral mechanism intended to enforce gender parity in countries using party-list proportional representation with closed lists. It requires that parties alternate between candidates of either gender on their candidate lists, meaning that 50% of the ...
Page orientation is the way in which a rectangular page is oriented for normal viewing. The two most common types of orientation are portrait and landscape. [ 1] The term "portrait orientation" comes from visual art terminology and describes the dimensions used to capture a person's face and upper body in a picture; in such images, the height ...
In law, horizontal effect refers to the ability of legal requirements meant to apply only to public bodies to affect private rights. It arises where a court dealing with a legal dispute between purely private entities interprets a legal provision to be consistent with certain legal norms in such a way as to affect the legal rights and obligations of the parties before it.
Horizontal dilution of precision VDOP Vertical dilution of precision PDOP Position (3D) dilution of precision TDOP Time dilution of precision GDOP Geometric dilution of precision. These values follow mathematically from the positions of the usable satellites. Signal receivers allow the display of these positions (skyplot) as well as the DOP values.
In the three-dimensional case, the situation is more complicated as now one has horizontal and vertical planes in addition to horizontal and vertical lines. Consider a point P and designate a direction through P as vertical. A plane which contains P and is normal to the designated direction is the horizontal plane at P.
Horizontal escalation is a direct contrast to vertical escalation which employs types of weapons not previously used in the conflict. That type of escalation also allows attacking new types of targets in order to have an upper hand to the other combatant. [1] During the Cold War, the risks associated with using escalation were much broader and ...
Vertical effect refers to, in English law, the way in which the Human Rights Act impacts on the relationship between individual citizens and the state. The Human Rights Act states that the Act applies to public bodies meaning that any citizens satisfying the test for standing can fight a case based upon a breach of a Convention right. In recent ...