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The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering. The study of the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history. The field has undergone a continuous evolution, driven by human dependence on water, meteorological conditions and internal ...
Geography of Africa. Africa is a continent comprising 63 political territories, representing the largest of the great southward projections from the main mass of Earth 's surface. [ 1] Within its regular outline, it comprises an area of 30,368,609 km 2 (11,725,385 sq mi), excluding adjacent islands. Its highest mountain is Kilimanjaro; its ...
A map of East Africa showing some of the historically active volcanoes (as red triangles) and the Afar Triangle (shaded at the center), which is a so-called triple junction (or triple point) where three plates are pulling away from one another: the Arabian Plate and two parts of the African Plate—the Nubian and Somali—splitting along the East African Rift Zone Main rift faults, plates ...
The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System ( NSAS) is the world's largest known fossil water aquifer system. It is located underground in the Eastern end of the Sahara desert and spans the political boundaries of four countries in north-eastern Africa. [ 1] NSAS covers a land area spanning just over two million km 2, including north-western Sudan ...
Earliest European maps. The earliest cartographic depictions of Africa are found in early world maps . In classical antiquity, Africa (also Libya) was assumed to cover the quarter of the globe south of the Mediterranean, an arrangement that was adhered to in medieval T and O maps . The only part of Africa well known in antiquity was the coast ...
In paleoanthropology, the recent African origin of modern humans or the " Out of Africa " theory ( OOA) [ a] is the most widely accepted [ 1][ 2][ 3] model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans ( Homo sapiens ). It follows the early expansions of hominins out of Africa, accomplished by Homo erectus and then ...
Archaic humans emerged out of Africa between 0.5 and 1.8 million years ago. This was followed by the emergence of modern humans ( Homo sapiens) in East Africa around 300,000–250,000 years ago. In the 4th millenium BC written history arose in Ancient Egypt, [ 1] and later in Nubia ’s Kush, the Horn of Africa ’s Dʿmt, and the Maghreb and ...
There are approximately 375 Afroasiatic languages spoken by over 400 million people. The main subfamilies of Afroasiatic are Berber, Chadic, Cushitic, Omotic, Egyptian and Semitic. The Afroasiatic Urheimat is uncertain. The family's most extensive branch, the Semitic languages (including Arabic, Amharic and Hebrew among others), is the only ...