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Proposition. A proposition is a central concept in the philosophy of language, semantics, logic, and related fields, often characterized as the primary bearer of truth or falsity. Propositions are also often characterized as being the kind of thing that declarative sentences denote. For instance the sentence "The sky is blue" denotes the ...
Propositional calculus. Not to be confused with Propositional analysis. The propositional calculus[a] is a branch of logic. [1] It is also called propositional logic, [2] statement logic, [1] sentential calculus, [3] sentential logic, [1] or sometimes zeroth-order logic. [4][5] It deals with propositions [1] (which can be true or false) [6] and ...
The analytic–synthetic distinction is a semantic distinction used primarily in philosophy to distinguish between propositions (in particular, statements that are affirmative subject – predicate judgments) that are of two types: analytic propositions and synthetic propositions. Analytic propositions are true or not true solely by virtue of ...
Semantics is the literal meaning of an idea whereas pragmatics is the implied meaning of the given idea. Speech Act Theory, pioneered by J.L. Austin and further developed by John Searle, centers around the idea of the performative, a type of utterance that performs the very action it describes.
Declarative knowledge is an awareness or understanding of facts. It can be expressed through spoken and written language using declarative sentences and can thus be acquired through verbal communication. [1] Examples of declarative knowledge are knowing "that Princess Diana died in 1997" or "that Goethe was 83 when he finished writing Faust ". [2]
Propositional variable. In mathematical logic, a propositional variable (also called a sentence letter,[1] sentential variable, or sentential letter) is an input variable (that can either be true or false) of a truth function. Propositional variables are the basic building-blocks of propositional formulas, used in propositional logic and higher ...
For example, if the formula () stands for the sentence "Socrates is a banker" then the formula articulates the sentence "It is possible that Socrates is a banker". [127] To include these symbols in the logical formalism, modal logic introduces new rules of inference that govern what role they play in inferences.
In logic, a categorical proposition, or categorical statement, is a proposition that asserts or denies that all or some of the members of one category (the subject term) are included in another (the predicate term). [1] The study of arguments using categorical statements (i.e., syllogisms) forms an important branch of deductive reasoning that ...