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Phthalic anhydride is the organic compound with the formula C 6 H 4 (CO) 2 O. It is the anhydride of phthalic acid. Phthalic anhydride is a principal commercial form of phthalic acid. It was the first anhydride of a dicarboxylic acid to be used commercially. This white solid is an important industrial chemical, especially for the large-scale ...
In organic chemistry, phthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, with formula C6H4(CO2H)2 and structure HO (O)C− C 6 H 4− C (O)OH. Although phthalic acid is of modest commercial importance, the closely related derivative phthalic anhydride is a commodity chemical produced on a large scale. [4] Phthalic acid is one of three isomers of ...
Deprotonation (or dehydronation) is the removal (transfer) of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), (H +) from a Brønsted–Lowry acid in an acid–base reaction. [1][2] The species formed is the conjugate base of that acid. The complementary process, when a proton is added (transferred) to a Brønsted–Lowry base, is protonation (or ...
Vanadium (V) oxide (vanadia) is the inorganic compound with the formula V 2 O 5. Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide, it is a brown/yellow solid, although when freshly precipitated from aqueous solution, its colour is deep orange. Because of its high oxidation state, it is both an amphoteric oxide and an oxidizing agent.
2 in the presence of vanadium pentoxide as catalyst gives phthalic anhydride: C 10 H 8 + 4.5 O 2 → C 6 H 4 (CO) 2 O + 2 CO 2 + 2 H 2 O. This reaction is the basis of the main use of naphthalene. Oxidation can also be effected using conventional stoichiometric chromate or permanganate reagents.
DIBP is synthesized by reaction of phthalic anhydride with isobutanol. Various acids are used as a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, sulfonated graphene, or iron(III) chloride. Water is a byproduct. Using sulfuric acid, the yield is 61% yield. [6] Sulfuric acid catalyzed reaction of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride to form diisobutyl phthalate
An acid anhydride is a type of chemical compound derived by the removal of water molecules from an acid. In organic chemistry, organic acid anhydrides contain the functional group −C (=O)−O−C (=O)−. Organic acid anhydrides often form when one equivalent of water is removed from two equivalents of an organic acid in a dehydration reaction.
Many routes to anthranilic acid have been described. Industrially it is produced from phthalic anhydride, beginning with amination: C 6 H 4 (CO) 2 O + NH 3 + NaOH → C 6 H 4 (C(O)NH 2)CO 2 Na + H 2 O. The resulting sodium salt of phthalamic acid is decarbonylated via a Hofmann rearrangement of the amide group, induced by hypochlorite: [11]