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Not to be confused with Calling the question. In classical rhetoric and logic, begging the question or assuming the conclusion (Latin: petītiō principiī) is an informal fallacy that occurs when an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion. Historically, begging the question refers to a fault in a dialectical argument in which ...
t. e. Circular reasoning (Latin: circulus in probando, "circle in proving"; [1] also known as circular logic) is a logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins with what they are trying to end with. [2] Circular reasoning is not a formal logical fallacy, but a pragmatic defect in an argument whereby the premises are just as much in need of ...
Qualia. The "redness" of red is a commonly used example of a quale. In philosophy of mind, qualia (/ ˈkwɑːliə, ˈkweɪ -/; sg.: quale /- li /) are defined as instances of subjective, conscious experience. The term qualia derives from the Latin neuter plural form (qualia) of the Latin adjective quālis (Latin pronunciation: [ˈkʷaːlɪs ...
Skepticism, also spelled scepticism in British English, is a questioning attitude or doubt toward knowledge claims that are seen as mere belief or dogma. [ 1 ] For example, if a person is skeptical about claims made by their government about an ongoing war then the person doubts that these claims are accurate.
Persuasive definition – purporting to use the "true" or "commonly accepted" meaning of a term while, in reality, using an uncommon or altered definition. (cf. the if-by-whiskey fallacy) Ecological fallacy – inferring about the nature of an entity based solely upon aggregate statistics collected for the group to which that entity belongs.
Self-criticism involves how an individual evaluates oneself. Self-criticism in psychology is typically studied and discussed as a negative personality trait in which a person has a disrupted self-identity. [ 1 ] The opposite of self-criticism would be someone who has a coherent, comprehensive, and generally positive self-identity.
The Self. In the psychology of self, one's self-concept (also called self-construction, self-identity, self-perspective or self-structure) is a collection of beliefs about oneself. [1][2] Generally, self-concept embodies the answer to the question "Who am I?".[3] The self-concept is distinguishable from self-awareness, which is the extent to ...
Self-blame (psychology) Self-blame is a cognitive process in which an individual attributes the occurrence of a stressful event to oneself. The direction of blame often has implications for individuals’ emotions and behaviors during and following stressful situations. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Self-blame is a common reaction to stressful events [ 1 ] and ...