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Neurology. Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are symptoms that are archetypically associated with the extrapyramidal system of the brain's cerebral cortex. When such symptoms are caused by medications or other drugs, they are also known as extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE). The symptoms can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
Oculogyric crisis (OGC) is a rare sudden, paroxysmal, dystonic reaction that may manifest in response to specific drugs, particularly neuroleptics, or medical conditions, such as movement disorders. This neurological phenomenon is characterized by a sustained dystonic, conjugate, involuntary upward deviation of both eyes lasting seconds to hours.
15 per 100,000 per year (on neuroleptics) [ 1 ] Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare [ 5 ][ 6 ] but life-threatening reaction that can occur in response to antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medications. [ 1 ] Symptoms include high fever, confusion, rigid muscles, variable blood pressure, sweating, and fast heart rate. [ 1 ]
The extrapyramidal tracts are chiefly found in the reticular formation of the pons and medulla, and target lower motor neurons in the spinal cord that are involved in reflexes, locomotion, complex movements, and postural control. These tracts are in turn modulated by various parts of the central nervous system, including the nigrostriatal ...
Movement disorders are clinical syndromes with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements, unrelated to weakness or spasticity. [ 1 ] Movement disorders present with extrapyramidal symptoms and are caused by basal ganglia disease. [ 2 ] Movement disorders are conventionally divided into two major categories ...
Restless legs syndrome, (also known as restless leg syndrome (RLS)and Willis–Ekbom disease(WED), is a neurological disorder, usually chronic, that causes an overwhelming urge to move one's legs. [2][10]There is often an unpleasant feeling in the legs that improves temporarily by moving them.[2]
An upper motor neuron lesion (also known as pyramidal insufficiency) Is an injury or abnormality that occurs in the neural pathway above the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord or motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. Conversely, a lower motor neuron lesion affects nerve fibers traveling from the anterior horn of the spinal cord or the cranial ...
Rabbit syndrome is a rare [1] form of extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotic drugs in which perioral tremors occur at a rate of approximately 5 Hz. Rabbit syndrome is characterized by involuntary, fine, rhythmic motions of the mouth along a vertical plane, without involvement of the tongue, [2] [3] and resembling the chewing movements of a rabbit. [4]