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A punctal plug, also known as tear duct plug or lacrimal plug, is a small medical device that is inserted into the tear duct (puncta) of an eye to block the duct. This prevents the drainage of liquid from the eye. They are used to treat dry eye. Artificial tears are usually still required after punctal plug insertion. [1]
The lacrimal gland is a compound tubuloacinar gland, it is made up of many lobules separated by connective tissue, each lobule contains many acini.The acini composed of large serous cells which, produce a watery serous secretion, serous cells are filled with lightly stained secretory granules and surrounded by well-developed myoepithelial cells and a sparse, vascular stroma.
Dacryoadenitis can be diagnosed by examination of the eyes and lids. Special tests such as a CT scan may be required to search for the cause. Sometimes biopsy will be needed to be sure that a tumor of the lacrimal gland is not present.
Dacryocystitis is an infection of the lacrimal sac, secondary to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct at the junction of the lacrimal sac. [1] The term derives from Greek dákryon 'tear' cysta 'sac' and -itis 'inflammation'. [2] It causes pain, redness, and swelling over the inner aspect of the lower eyelid and epiphora.
Treatment is directed at managing the person's symptoms. [4] For dry eyes, artificial tears; medications to reduce inflammation; punctal plugs or other surgery to shut the tear ducts may be tried. [4] For a dry mouth, chewing gum (preferably sugar-free); sipping water; or a saliva substitute may be used. [4]
The lacrimal caruncle is found at the medial canthus of the eye. [1] It consists of skin, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, accessory lacrimal tissue and other tissues that are present in the skin and accessory lacrimal glands. [1] [2] Its non-keratinized epithelium resembles the conjunctival epithelium. [2]
Tears are a clear liquid secreted by the lacrimal glands (tear gland) found in the eyes of all land mammals. [1] Tears are made up of water, electrolytes, proteins, lipids, and mucins that form layers on the surface of eyes. [2] The different types of tears—basal, reflex, and emotional—vary significantly in composition. [2]
Tears are produced by the lacrimal gland, situated just outside the eye. Blinking the eyelids distributes the tears to keep the eyes moist, clean and lubricated. Excess tears are drained via the punctum through the tiny channels called canaliculi located on the inner side of the eyes into the tear sac, from there to the tear duct, the nose and finally down the throat.