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After the collapse of the Confederacy, Polish foreign labor was desired to work on Southern farms as replacements for black slaves. Several such societies were founded in Texas, largely by private planters, but in 1871, Texas funded immigration of Europeans through direct state aid (Texas Bureau of Immigration).
The history of Polish immigration to the United States can be divided into three stages, beginning with the first stage in the colonial era down to 1870, small numbers of Poles and Polish subjects came to America as individuals or in small family groups, and they quickly assimilated and did not form separate communities, with the exception of Panna Maria, Texas founded in the 1850s.
The town's identity as an insular Polish enclave was sealed by four factors: Bypassed by the railroads; Union in sympathy (Settlers were also unionist and were occasionally massacred in Texas during this period) Polish Resurrectionist priests arrived from Europe; A sisterhood of Polish teaching nuns was established
U.S. cities and communities with large Polish American populations are largely concentrated in the Upper Midwestern United States, Chicago metropolitan area and the New York metropolitan area, with Wisconsin accounting for the largest number of communities with large Polish populations.
(pol.)Góra Krzyżanowskiego, a peak named in honor of Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski. [1] Name given by Polish geographer Stefan Jarosz. [2](pol.) Jezioro Piłsudskiego, a lake on Kosciusko Island named in honor of Józef Piłsudski - Polish politician, First Marshall and Prime Minister.
Chicago reported that more than 51,000 immigrants have been bused to the area since 2022, primarily by Texas Gov. Greg Abbott in a protest of national immigration policy. Illinois lost 56,235 ...
German Americans made up 7.3% of the population, and numbered at 199,789; Irish Americans also made up 7.3% of the population, and numbered at 199,294. Polish Americans now made up 6.7% of Chicago's population, and numbered at 182,064. [5] Polish is the fourth most widely spoken language in Chicago behind English, Spanish, and Mandarin. [6]
The Polish Peasant in Europe and America is a book by Florian Znaniecki and William I. Thomas, considered to be one of the classics of sociology.The book is a study of Polish immigrants to the United States and their families, based on personal documents, and was published in five volumes in the years 1918 to 1920.