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This woodland is present between 500 feet (150 m) and 1,000 feet (300 m) on the valley-side. Over Eighty-five different types of vascular plant species have been recorded in the area, including thirty-one ancient woodland indicators. As well, it features areas of the valley mire, heathland and acidic grassland.
Some epiphytic lichen species may be used as "ancient woodland indicators"; they can used to quantitatively assess the degree to which a forest has had a long history of canopy continuity. [11] The presence of these species is a reliable indicator that the forest has existed back to early medieval times, without being clear-cut and regrown.
Ancient woodland on Inchmahome island in Scotland. In the United Kingdom, ancient woodland is that which has existed continuously since 1600 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (or 1750 in Scotland). [1] [2] The practice of planting woodland was uncommon before those dates, so a wood present in 1600 is likely to have developed naturally. [3]
Grass Wood is an ancient woodland of 88 hectares (220 acres) in Wharfedale, North Yorkshire, England, that has an exceptional ground flora of woodland wildflowers. The area was notified as a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 1955 for upland broadleaved woodland. [ 1 ]
The woodlands of Bedfordshire cover 6.2% of the county. [2] Some two thirds of this (4,990 ha or 12,300 acres) is broad-leaved woodland, principally oak and ash. [3] A Woodland Trust estimate of all ancient woodland in Bedfordshire (dating back to at least the year 1600), including woods of 0.1 ha (0.25 acres) and upward suggests an area of 1,468 ha (3,630 acres). [4]
The ground flora contains a large number of ancient woodland indicator species. [ 2 ] 18th-century enclosure maps of Potterhanworth show that the modern Potterhanworth Wood was then much larger consisting of Norman Hagg Wood in the south, Great Wood in the middle and Quern or Queen Dike Wood in the north.
[2] [5] The ancient woodland consists mainly of sessile oak and hornbeam, with some wild service trees, while secondary woodland areas are mainly birch, hawthorns and sycamore. In the view of the London Ecology Unit, "Scratchwood is the Borough's best woodland in terms of floral diversity, especially of ancient woodland indicator species". The ...