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The Unit Pump system [1] is a modular high-pressure diesel injection system, which is closely related to the unit Injector system, and is designed for use in commercial vehicle diesel engines. [ 2 ] The systems use an individual injection pump mounted on the engine block for each cylinder so it is primarily designed for OHV or "cam in the block ...
Injection pump for a 12-cylinder diesel engine An injection pump is the device that pumps fuel into the cylinders of a diesel engine . Traditionally, the injection pump was driven indirectly from the crankshaft by gears, chains or a toothed belt (often the timing belt ) that also drives the camshaft .
While for direct-injection systems, the in-tank fuel pump transports the fuel to the engine, where a separate fuel pump pressurises the fuel (to a much higher pressure). Since the electric pump does not require mechanical power from the engine, it is feasible to locate the pump anywhere between the engine and the fuel tank.
The pump element is still on the way down, the solenoid is now energised and the fuel line is immediately closed. The fuel cannot pass back into the return duct, and is now compressed by the plunger until pressure exceeds specific “opening” pressure, and the injector nozzle needle lifts, allowing fuel to be injected into the combustion ...
High pressure fuel pumps depend on diesel fuel for lubrication and the addition of gasoline will cause adverse wear and eventual failure of the pump. Car makers selling common rail or Unit Injector diesel engines prohibit the dilution of diesel fuel with either gasoline or kerosene as it may destroy the injection device. [4] [7]
Common rail fuel system on a Volvo truck engine. In 1916 Vickers pioneered the use of mechanical common rail systems in G-class submarine engines. For every 90° of rotation, four plunger pumps allowed a constant injection pressure of 3,000 pounds per square inch (210 bar; 21 MPa), with fuel delivery to individual cylinders being shut off by valves in the injector lines. [1]
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Engines using the Diesel cycle are usually more efficient, although the Diesel cycle itself is less efficient at equal compression ratios. Since diesel engines use much higher compression ratios (the heat of compression is used to ignite the slow-burning diesel fuel), that higher ratio more than compensates for air pumping losses within the engine.
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