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In mathematics, a binary relation on a set is antisymmetric if there is no pair of distinct elements of each of which is related by to the other. More formally, is antisymmetric precisely if for all ,,, or equivalently, =.
For example, the restriction of < from the reals to the integers is still asymmetric, and the converse or dual > of < is also asymmetric. An asymmetric relation need not have the connex property . For example, the strict subset relation ⊊ {\displaystyle \,\subsetneq \,} is asymmetric, and neither of the sets { 1 , 2 } {\displaystyle \{1,2 ...
In two dimensions, the Levi-Civita symbol is defined by: = {+ (,) = (,) (,) = (,) = The values can be arranged into a 2 × 2 antisymmetric matrix: = (). Use of the two-dimensional symbol is common in condensed matter, and in certain specialized high-energy topics like supersymmetry [1] and twistor theory, [2] where it appears in the context of 2-spinors.
However, a relation can be neither symmetric nor asymmetric, which is the case for "is less than or equal to" and "preys on"). Symmetric and antisymmetric (where the only way a can be related to b and b be related to a is if a = b ) are actually independent of each other, as these examples show.
Throughout, we assume that all matrix entries belong to a field whose characteristic is not equal to 2. That is, we assume that 1 + 1 ≠ 0, where 1 denotes the multiplicative identity and 0 the additive identity of the given field.
Among the different classes of symmetry, the most important ones (which moreover for two particles are the only ones) are the symmetrical class, in which the wave function does not change its value when the space and spin coordinates of two particles are permuted, and the antisymmetrical class, in which for such a permutation the wave function ...
In mathematics, a relation denotes some kind of relationship between two objects in a set, which may or may not hold. [1] As an example, " is less than " is a relation on the set of natural numbers ; it holds, for instance, between the values 1 and 3 (denoted as 1 < 3 ), and likewise between 3 and 4 (denoted as 3 < 4 ), but not between the ...
The smallest asymmetric regular graphs have ten vertices; there exist 10-vertex asymmetric graphs that are 4-regular and 5-regular. [2] [3] One of the five smallest asymmetric cubic graphs [4] is the twelve-vertex Frucht graph discovered in 1939. [5] According to a strengthened version of Frucht's theorem, there are infinitely many asymmetric ...