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Thlaspi arvense is a foetid, hairless annual plant, growing up to 60 cm (24 in) tall, [2] with upright branches. The stem leaves are arrow-shaped, narrow and toothed. It blooms between May and July, with racemes or spikes of small white flowers that have 4 sepals and 4 longer petals. [3]
2. Flowers: The small flowers of Field Pennycress have 4 green sepals and 4 longer white petals is oblong-obovate, 2-4mm long; the 4 white petals of common peppergrass are always shorter than sepals or absent, sometimes reduced to filamentous or petalless. 3.
Whitetop has slightly domed flower clusters in which the individual flower stalks grow upward from various points off the branch to approximately the same height (corymb-like). The petals are white, clawed, and 3 to 5 mm long, about twice the length of the sepals. Typically, each flower has four petals. [4] [6] Typically each flower has four petals
Galium mollugo can reach a height of 15–100 cm (5.9–39.4 in). The stems are square in cross-section, more or less erect with ascending branches. Starting from the axils of leaves it has inflorescences of small white flowers with a diameter of about 1 to 1.5 cm, with four petals. The flowering period extends from May to September. [2] [3]
Each small flower has four white petals [4] 4–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.08–0.12 in) broad, arranged in a cross shape. The fruit is an erect, slender, four-sided capsule 4–5.5 cm (1.6–2.2 in) long, [ 5 ] called a silique , green maturing to pale grey brown, containing two rows of small shiny black seeds which are released ...
It is a weed of alfalfa and clover forages, reducing their quality with its nutrient-poor herbage. It competes with native flora and reproduces continuously. It may reduce pollinators. [2] The plant is likely introduced to new areas when its seed is distributed with agricultural crop seeds. [4]
Colors of the flower-heads of Bidens alba vary depending on the subspecies; some B. alba have yellow, tubular central blossoms and others may have flower-heads with white or cream petals (1.5 cm or 5 ⁄ 8 in long); eventually they form black linear seeds, yielding approximately 1200 seeds per plant. [2]
The shoots are rather stiff, carrying narrow parallel-sided leaves in opposite pairs, each leaf being about 4–24 millimetres (0.16–0.94 in). Small white flowers with four petals are produced in summer on long stalks arising from the upper leaf axils. The flowers are always above water. [citation needed]