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Dinoflagellates have a complex cell covering called an amphiesma or cortex, composed of a series of membranes, flattened vesicles called alveoli (= amphiesmal vesicles) and related structures. [ 21 ] [ 22 ] In thecate ("armoured") dinoflagellates, these support overlapping cellulose plates to create a sort of armor called the theca or lorica ...
Zooxanthellae (/ ˌ z oʊ ə z æ n ˈ θ ɛ l iː /; sg. zooxanthella) is a colloquial term for single-celled dinoflagellates that are able to live in symbiosis with diverse marine invertebrates including demosponges, corals, jellyfish, and nudibranchs.
Some dinoflagellates that live as parasites are probably mixotrophic. [7] Karenia, Karlodinium, and Lepidodinium are some of the dinoflagellate genera which are thought to contain peridinin, a carotenoid pigment necessary for photosynthesis in dinoflagellates; [8] however, chlorophyll b has been found in these genera as an accessory pigment. [8]
Algae exhibit the most diverse range of morphologies, from single flagellated or coccoid cells (e.g., cryptophytes, haptophytes, dinoflagellates, chromerids, many green algae, ochrophytes, euglenophytes) to amoeboid cells (chlorarachniophytes) to colonial and multicellular macroscopic forms (e.g., red algae, some green algae, and some ...
Dinokaryota is a main grouping of dinoflagellates. They include all species where the nucleus remains a dinokaryon throughout the entire cell cycle, which is typically dominated by the haploid stage. All the "typical" dinoflagellates, such as Peridinium and Gymnodinium, belong here.
In contrast to the cells of prokaryotes, the cells of eukaryotes are highly organised. Plants, animals and fungi are usually multi-celled and are typically macroscopic. Most protists are single-celled and microscopic. But there are exceptions. Some single-celled marine protists are macroscopic.
Dinophysis is a genus of dinoflagellates [1] [2] [3] common in tropical, temperate, coastal and oceanic waters. [4] It was first described in 1839 by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. [5] Dinophysis are typically medium-sized cells (30-120 μm). [5] The structural plan and plate tabulation are conserved within the genus. [4]
A mesokaryote or mesokaryotic organism is a single-celled eukaryote that shows intermediate resemblance to both prokaryotes and 'higher' eukaryotes. The term originates from a 1965 hypothesis by John David Dodge, who proposed that certain eukaryotes (mainly dinoflagellates) with closed mitosis and other traits considered 'primitive' were an intermediate step between prokaryotes and the ...