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As more aluminum sulfate is added, water pH decreases. At higher pH, the soluble species Al(OH) 4 − is present. In neutral pH ranges (6–8), the insoluble aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH) 3) occurs. As pH decreases further, the Al(III) ion remains present. [2] Maintaining optimal pH is important for the removal of phosphorus from water.
Desulfovibrio vulgaris is the best-studied sulfate-reducing microorganism species; the bar in the upper right is 0.5 micrometre long.. Sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) or sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) are a group composed of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfate-reducing archaea (SRA), both of which can perform anaerobic respiration utilizing sulfate (SO 2−
A simple qualitative method to determine the presence of phosphate ions in a sample is as follows. A small amount of the sample is acidified with concentrated nitric acid, to which a little ammonium molybdate is added. The presence of phosphate ions is indicated by the formation of a bright yellow precipitate layer of ammonium phosphomolybdate ...
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The SO 2 is absorbed in the water, and when oxygen is added reacts to form sulfate ions SO 2− 4 and free H +. The surplus of H + is offset by the carbonates in seawater pushing the carbonate equilibrium to release CO 2 gas: SO 2 + H 2 O + O →H 2 SO 4 HCO − 3 + H + → H 2 O + CO 2
Fenton's reagent is a solution of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and an iron catalyst (typically iron(II) sulfate, FeSO 4). [1] It is used to oxidize contaminants or waste water as part of an advanced oxidation process. Fenton's reagent can be used to destroy organic compounds such as trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene).
Before the water enters the clarifier, coagulation and flocculation reagents, such as polyelectrolytes and ferric sulfate, [4] can be added. These reagents cause finely suspended particles to clump together and form larger and denser particles, called flocs, that settle more quickly and stably.
This is a common laboratory test to determine if sulfate anions are present. The sulfate ion can act as a ligand attaching either by one oxygen (monodentate) or by two oxygens as either a chelate or a bridge. [7] An example is the complex Co 2 (SO 4)] + Br − [7] or the neutral metal complex PtSO 4 (PPh 3) 2] where the sulfate ion is acting as ...