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Lava fountains can occur in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province roughly every 100 years. [10] Level Mountain, the largest volcano of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province. The large brown area in the middle is a dissected stratovolcano and the surrounding light brown is the broad shield volcano comprising a lava plateau.
The Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province has been a zone of active volcanism since it began to form 20 million years ago. Unlike other parts of the Pacific Ring of Fire, the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province has its origins in continental rifting—an area where the Earth's crust and lithosphere is being pulled apart. [4]
Over half of the Northern Cordilleran volcanoes are located in northwestern British Columbia. This portion is where the most recent eruptions in Canada and of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province have occurred, including the catastrophic 18th century eruption of Tseax Cone and the 1904 eruption of The Volcano. [3] [16]
The eruption rate of the MEVC has varied throughout its long volcanic history. When the volcanic complex started erupting at least 7.4 million years ago, it increased the rate of magmatism in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province from 100,000 to 300,000 cubic metres (3,500,000 to 10,600,000 cubic feet) per year.
Tseax Cone is one of the southernmost volcanoes in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province. [10] This is a broad area of shield volcanoes, lava domes, cinder cones and stratovolcanoes extending from northwestern British Columbia northwards through Yukon into easternmost Alaska. [28]
It represents one of the few historically active volcanoes in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, with a base elevation estimated to be 100 m (330 ft). [4] [5] Like most cinder cones, The Volcano consists of a pile of loose volcanic ash, lapilli-sized tephra and volcanic bombs. These were deposited during periods of lava fountain ...
Maitland Volcano was one of the most voluminous shield volcanoes in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province along with Heart Peaks, Level Mountain and the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. [1] Its structure was about 50 km (31 mi) long and 40 km (25 mi) wide, covering an area of at least 1,000 km 2 (390 sq mi).
Pillow Ridge is a volcanic feature associated with the Mount Edziza volcanic complex which in turn form part of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province.It is a subglacial mound that formed in the Pleistocene period when this area was buried beneath glacial ice during the last glacial period.