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Shoaling fish can shift into a disciplined and coordinated school, then shift back to an amorphous shoal within seconds. Such shifts are triggered by changes of activity from feeding, resting, travelling or avoiding predators. [4] When schooling fish stop to feed, they break ranks and become shoals. Shoals are more vulnerable to predator attack.
Strategies such as those outlined in the previous section can work to a degree against freely streaming fish schools, but work much better if the fish school is first compacted into a bait ball. It is difficult for predators working individually to scare a fish school into a bait ball, and they usually work together.
The term flocking or murmuration can refer specifically to swarm behaviour in birds, herding to refer to swarm behaviour in tetrapods, and shoaling or schooling to refer to swarm behaviour in fish. Phytoplankton also gather in huge swarms called blooms , although these organisms are algae and are not self-propelled the way animals are.
Atlantic herring can school in immense numbers. Radakov estimated herring schools in the North Atlantic can occupy up to 4.8 cubic kilometres with fish densities between 0.5 and 1.0 fish/cubic metre, equivalent to several million fish in one school. [7] Herring are amongst the most spectacular schoolers ("obligate schoolers" under older ...
Forage fish, also called prey fish or bait fish, are small pelagic fish that feed on planktons (i.e. planktivores) and other small aquatic organisms (e.g. krill). They are in turn preyed upon by various predators including larger fish, seabirds and marine mammals , this making them keystone species in their aquatic ecosystems .
Jason Burkhart, principal of Kenneth Cooper Middle School in Oklahoma City, shared a video with KWTV after finding approximately 50 fish that fell from the sky onto the school’s playground and roof.
An example in fisheries is the length of fish in a fishery, which might show two or more modes or peaks reflecting fish of different ages or species. Biodiversity – is the variation of life forms within an area. In the context of fisheries the number and variety of organisms found within a fishery.
The Atlantic cod (pl.: cod; Gadus morhua) is a fish of the family Gadidae, widely consumed by humans. It is also commercially known as cod or codling. [3] [n 1]In the western Atlantic Ocean, cod has a distribution north of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and around both coasts of Greenland and the Labrador Sea; in the eastern Atlantic, it is found from the Bay of Biscay north to the Arctic ...