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Dust-producing surfaces cover one-third of the global land area. These are made up of hyper-arid regions like the Sahara, which covers 0.9 billion hectares, and drylands, which occupy 5.2 billion hectares. [5] Dust in the atmosphere is produced by saltation and abrasive sandblasting of sand-sized grains, and it is transported through the ...
A dust storm traveling from the Sahara Desert over the Atlantic Ocean. Dust in Earth's atmosphere comes from both natural and anthropogenic causes. [1] The process of which dust enters Earth's atmosphere naturally can be attributed to the Aeolian process where winds erode Earth's surface and consequently carry particles from the ground into the atmosphere via suspension, whereas anthropogenic ...
In desert areas, dust and sand storms are most commonly caused by either thunderstorm outflows, or by strong pressure gradients which cause an increase in wind velocity over a wide area. The vertical extent of the dust or sand that is raised is largely determined by the stability of the atmosphere above the ground as well as by the weight of ...
Mineral dust is mainly constituted of the oxides (SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, FeO, Fe 2 O 3, CaO, and others) and carbonates (CaCO 3, MgCO 3) that constitute the Earth's crust.The composition of mineral dust, usually named in atmospheric sciences as mineralogy composition, is relevant for different physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere, for example, oxides with iron have an effect in the ...
Saharan dust (also African dust, yellow dust, yellow sand, yellow wind or Sahara dust storms) is an aeolian mineral dust from the Sahara, the largest hot desert in the world. The desert spans just over 9 million square kilometers, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea , from the Mediterranean Sea to the Niger River valley and the Sudan region ...
Cosmic dust can be further distinguished by its astronomical location: intergalactic dust, interstellar dust, interplanetary dust (as in the zodiacal cloud), and circumplanetary dust (as in a planetary ring). There are several methods to obtain space dust measurement. In the Solar System, interplanetary dust causes the zodiacal light.
It is a form of fluid instability found in thermally stratified atmospheres in which a colder fluid overlies a warmer one. When an air mass is unstable, the element of the air mass that is displaced upwards is accelerated by the pressure differential between the displaced air and the ambient air at the (higher) altitude to which it was displaced.
Atmospheric particulate matter, also known as particulate matter, or PM, describes solids and/or liquid particles suspended in a gas, most commonly the Earth's atmosphere. [1] Particles in the atmosphere can be divided into two types, depending on the way they are emitted. Primary particles, such as mineral dust, are emitted into the atmosphere ...