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The French rhotic has a wide range of realizations: the voiced uvular fricative [ʁ], also realised as an approximant [ʁ̞], with a voiceless positional allophone [χ], the uvular trill [ʀ], the alveolar trill [r], and the alveolar tap [ɾ]. These are all recognised as the phoneme /r/, [5] but [r] and [ɾ] are considered dialectal.
The other main theory is that the uvular R originated within Germanic languages by the weakening of the alveolar R, which was replaced by an imitation of the alveolar R (vocalisation). [4] Against the "French origin" theory, it is said that there are many signs that the uvular R existed in some German dialects long before the 17th century. [4]
The uvular trill [ʀ] has lately been emerging as a provincial standard, and the alveolar trill [r] was once used in informal speech in Montreal. [when?] In modern Quebec French, the voiced uvular fricative [ʁ] (though voiceless before and after voiceless consonants: treize [tʁ̥aɛ̯zə̆] ⓘ) is most common.
In many of these it has a uvular fricative (either voiced [ʁ] or voiceless [χ]) as an allophone when it follows one of the voiceless stops /p/, /t/, or /k/ at the end of a word, as in the French example maître [mɛtχ], or even a uvular approximant [ʁ̞]. As with most trills, uvular trills are often reduced to a single contact, especially ...
A partially devoiced uvular or pre-uvular (i.e. between velar and uvular) trill [ʀ̝̊] with some frication occurs as a coda allophone of /ʀ/ in the Limburgish dialects of Maastricht and Weert. [6] [7] Voiceless trills occur phonemically in e.g. Welsh and Icelandic. (See also voiceless alveolar trill, voiceless retroflex trill, voiceless ...
The voiced uvular tap or flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.There is no dedicated symbol for this sound in the IPA.It can specified by adding a 'short' diacritic to the letter for the uvular plosive, ɢ̆ , but normally it is covered by the unmodified letter for the uvular trill, ʀ , [1] since the two have never been reported to contrast.
In French, the only truly guttural sound is (usually) a uvular fricative (or the guttural R). In Portuguese, [ʁ] is becoming dominant in urban areas. There is also a realization as a [χ], and the original pronunciation as an [r] also remains very common in various dialects.
Most other dialects use a voiced uvular fricative , a uvular trill or an alveolar trill . See Standard German phonology. Silesian: Upper Lusatian: Greek [12] μέρα méra [ˈmɛɹɐ] 'day' Allophone of /ɾ/ in rapid or casual speech and between vowels. See Modern Greek phonology. Icelandic: bróðir [ˈprou̯ð̠˕ir] 'brother' Usually apical.