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A type of gap fill where the gaps are regular, e.g. every 7th or 9th word. The technique can used to assess students’ reading comprehension or as a practice activity. Collocation The way words are often used together. For example, “do the dishes” and “do homework”, but “make the bed” and “make noise”. Colloquialism
The definition of success in a given cloze test varies, depending on the broader goals behind the exercise. Assessment may depend on whether the exercise is objective (i.e. students are given a list of words to use in a cloze) or subjective (i.e. students are to fill in a cloze with words that would make a given sentence grammatically correct).
Secondary to teaching language skills, the exercise of dictation has also been used to introduce students to literary works, and to instill morals. [1] Dictation has also been used in an attempt to capture endangered or dying languages, as in the case of Victoria Howard, a Chinook speaker who dictated songs and stories to Melville Jacobs. [2]
Question/answer exercise – the teacher asks questions of any type and the student answers. Dictation – the teacher chooses a grade-appropriate passage and reads it aloud. Reading aloud – the students take turns reading sections of a passage, play or a dialogue aloud.
Dictogloss activities integrate the four language skills of listening, reading, and writing. [3] They also give students opportunities to talk about both content and the language itself. Furthermore, dictogloss activities are a useful way of presenting new factual information to students and encourage them to listen for key points.
An advantage of the comprehension approach of language learning is the fact that when the learner eventually understands the meaning and the correct application of the words, the language will sound more effortless when he or she speaks it in contrast to other forms of language learning, which may result in more stilted efforts.
Comprehension specifically is a "creative, multifaceted process" that is dependent upon four language skills: phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. [6] Reading comprehension is a part of literacy. Some of the fundamental skills required in efficient reading comprehension are the ability to: [7] [8] [9] know the meaning of words,
Comprehension is a shared meaning between parties in communication. [1] This can be done through top-down or bottom-up listening strategies. Top-down listening for comprehension will involve preparing for what message is likely going to be given, attempting to organize what is being communicated, and listening for summarizations or shifts in topic.