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The most common of these nesting strategies is building mud nests, which are frequently communal in contrast to most other spider wasp groups. [4] As typical of the rest of the family, the Ageniellini provision their nests with a single spider and then lay an egg on it. [ 1 ]
R. marginata makes gymnodomous nests with up to 500 cells and up to 10 pedicels. [9] The nests are made of paper, which are produced by wasps masticating cellulose and mixing it with saliva. [3] The nests are usually found in closed spaces with small openings in natural and man-made structures.
In addition to birds, ants will often try to invade the wasp nests. The wasps fight back by attempting to drive and throw the ants off the nest. They will also rub their abdomen on nest surfaces to deter ants from approaching. One final predator of M. flavitarsis is the praying mantis, which will eat perching males during mating season. [1]
D. saxonica is an aerial nester, meaning that the wasps build their nests above ground, often in trees, shrubs, or buildings. The nests of D. saxonica are ball-shaped and can be roughly 250 mm (9.8 in), which is small relative to other wasp nests. [4] Nest construction is done quickly, allowing the nest population to increase rapidly.
A V. maculifrons nest can range from 94–300 mm (3.7–11.8 in) in diameter, allowing for hundreds to thousands of workers inside. A large nest can contain 10,000 to 15,000 cells, with a little less than a third of them dedicated to the larger queen cells. [5] The envelope of the nest is tan-brown to red-orange in color.
Mud dauber (or "mud wasp") is a name commonly applied to a number of wasps from either the family Sphecidae or Crabronidae which build their nests from mud; this excludes members of the family Vespidae (especially the subfamily Eumeninae), which are instead referred to as "potter wasps". Mud daubers are variable in appearance.
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Vespula rufa, commonly known as the red wasp, [3] is a social wasp species belonging to the genus Vespula. It is found in northern and central Europe and parts of Asia . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Vespula rufa is characterised by red-brown markings and body segmentation, with the appearance varying amongst the different roles of individuals in the species. [ 6 ]