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  2. Guyot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyot

    Guyot. In marine geology, a guyot (/ ˈɡiː.oʊ, ɡiːˈoʊ /), [1][2] also called a tablemount, is an isolated underwater volcanic mountain (seamount) with a flat top more than 200 m (660 ft) below the surface of the sea. [3] The diameters of these flat summits can exceed 10 km (6 mi). [3] Guyots are most commonly found in the Pacific Ocean ...

  3. Submarine volcano - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_volcano

    Submarine volcanoes are underwater vents or fissures in the Earth 's surface from which magma can erupt. Many submarine volcanoes are located near areas of tectonic plate formation, known as mid-ocean ridges. The volcanoes at mid-ocean ridges alone are estimated to account for 75% of the magma output on Earth. [1]

  4. Magma chamber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma_chamber

    A magma chamber is a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth. The molten rock, or magma, in such a chamber is less dense than the surrounding country rock, which produces buoyant forces on the magma that tend to drive it upwards. [1] If the magma finds a path to the surface, then the result will be a volcanic eruption ...

  5. Magma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma

    Magma (sometimes colloquially but incorrectly referred to as lava) is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and evidence of magmatism has also been discovered on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites. [3] Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles.

  6. Mantle plume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_plume

    A superplume generated by cooling processes in the mantle (LVZ = low-velocity zone) [1] A mantle plume is a proposed mechanism of convection within the Earth's mantle, hypothesized to explain anomalous volcanism. [2] Because the plume head partially melts on reaching shallow depths, a plume is often invoked as the cause of volcanic hotspots ...

  7. 2004–2008 volcanic activity of Mount St. Helens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004–2008_volcanic...

    The 2004–2008 volcanic activity of Mount St. Helens in Washington, United States has been documented as a continuous eruption in the form of gradual extrusion of magma. Starting in October 2004 and ceasing in January 2008, a new lava dome was built up. The new dome did not rise above the rim of the crater created by the 1980 eruption of Mount ...

  8. Shield volcano - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_volcano

    A shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a shield lying on the ground. It is formed by the eruption of highly fluid (low viscosity) lava, which travels farther and forms thinner flows than the more viscous lava erupted from a stratovolcano.

  9. Types of volcanic eruptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions

    Types of volcanic eruptions. Some of the eruptive structures formed during volcanic activity (counterclockwise): a Plinian eruption column, Hawaiian pahoehoe flows, and a lava arc from a Strombolian eruption. Several types of volcanic eruptions —during which material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure —have been distinguished by ...

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