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In microeconomics, management and international political economy, vertical integration, also referred to as vertical consolidation, is an arrangement in which the supply chain of a company is integrated and owned by that company. Usually each member of the supply chain produces a different product or (market-specific) service, and the products ...
Research. v. t. e. Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same level of the value chain, in the same industry. A company may do this via internal expansion or through mergers and acquisitions. [ 1][ 2][ 3] The process can lead to monopoly if a company captures the vast majority of ...
The Ford River Rouge complex (commonly known as the Rouge complex, River Rouge, or The Rouge) is a Ford Motor Company automobile factory complex located in Dearborn, Michigan, along the River Rouge, upstream from its confluence with the Detroit River at Zug Island. Construction began in 1917, and when it was completed in 1928, it was the ...
Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society. [ 1] It is a change in social status relative to one's current social location within a given society. This movement occurs between layers or tiers in an open system of social stratification.
The model of hierarchical complexity (MHC) is a formal theory and a mathematical psychology framework for scoring how complex a behavior is. [4] Developed by Michael Lamport Commons and colleagues, [3] it quantifies the order of hierarchical complexity of a task based on mathematical principles of how the information is organized, [5] in terms ...
Vertical disintegration refers to a specific organizational form of industrial production. As opposed to vertical integration , in which production occurs within a singular organization, vertical disintegration means that various diseconomies of scale or scope have broken a production process into separate companies, each performing a limited ...
In the United States, school integration (also known as desegregation) is the process of ending race -based segregation within American public and private schools. Racial segregation in schools existed throughout most of American history and remains an issue in contemporary education. During the Civil Rights Movement school integration became a ...
Tapered integration. Tapered integration is a term from organization theory that refers to a mix of vertical integration and market exchange. [ 1] Upstream, a producer might manufacture some of the input itself and buy the remaining portion from independent firms. Downstream, the manufacturer might sell a portion of its output through an in ...