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Neurology. A demyelinating disease refers to any disease affecting the nervous system where the myelin sheath surrounding neurons is damaged. [ 1] This damage disrupts the transmission of signals through the affected nerves, resulting in a decrease in their conduction ability. Consequently, this reduction in conduction can lead to deficiencies ...
Diagnosis may be made by observing the light reflecting from the person's eyes and finding that it is not centered on the pupil. [3] This is known as the Hirschberg reflex. Another condition that produces similar symptoms is a cranial nerve disease. [3] Treatment depends on the type of strabismus and the underlying cause. [3]
Nystagmus. Nystagmus is a condition of involuntary (or voluntary, in some cases) [ 1] eye movement. [ 2] People can be born with it but more commonly acquire it in infancy or later in life. In many cases it may result in reduced or limited vision. [ 3] In normal eyesight, while the head rotates about an axis, distant visual images are sustained ...
A dog with degenerative myelopathy often stands with its legs close together and may not correct an unusual foot position due to a lack of conscious proprioception. Canine degenerative myelopathy, also known as chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy, is an incurable, progressive disease of the canine spinal cord that is similar in many ways to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
A pterygium of the eye ( pl.: pterygia or pterygiums, also called surfer's eye) is a pinkish, roughly triangular tissue growth of the conjunctiva onto the cornea of the eye. [ 2] It typically starts on the cornea near the nose. [ 3] It may slowly grow but rarely grows so large that it covers the pupil and impairs vision. [ 2]
Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus. The optokinetic reflex ( OKR ), also referred to as the optokinetic response, or optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), is a compensatory reflex that supports visual image stabilization. [ 1] The purpose of OKR is to prevent image blur on the retina that would otherwise occur when an animal moves its head or navigates ...
Parinaud's syndrome is a constellation of neurological signs indicating injury to the dorsal midbrain. More specifically, compression of the vertical gaze center at the rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus (riMLF). It is a group of abnormalities of eye movement and pupil dysfunction and is named for Henri Parinaud [ 6 ...
Cerebral achromatopsia. Cerebral achromatopsia is a type of color blindness caused by damage to the cerebral cortex of the brain, rather than abnormalities in the cells of the eye's retina. It is often confused with congenital achromatopsia but underlying physiological deficits of the disorders are completely distinct.