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Xenocrates (c. 396 – 314 BC). Disciple of Plato. Aristotle (c. 384 – 322 BC). A polymath whose works ranged across all philosophical fields. Theophrastus (c. 371 – c. 287 BC).
Some central topics of Western philosophy in its early modern (also classical modern) [66] [67] period include the nature of the mind and its relation to the body, the implications of the new natural sciences for traditional theological topics such as free will and God, and the emergence of a secular basis for moral and political philosophy. [68]
Thomas Aquinas OP (/ ə ˈ k w aɪ n ə s / ⓘ ə-KWY-nəs; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino'; c. 1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian [6] Dominican friar and priest, the foremost Scholastic thinker, [7] as well as one of the most influential philosophers and theologians in the Western tradition. [8]
Socrates; (c. 470 –399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought. An enigmatic figure, Socrates authored no texts and is known mainly through the posthumous accounts of classical writers , particularly his students ...
Founder of Western philosophy: Stoics [1] fl. 3rd century BC – AD 529: Greece – Philosophical school influenced by Socrates through Plato Henry David Thoreau [1] July 12, 1817 – May 6, 1862 United States Author, poet Foundational figure of transcendentalism: Arthur Schopenhauer: February 22, 1788 – September 21,1860 Germany Philosopher
Aristotle [A] (Attic Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης, romanized: Aristotélēs; [B] 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts.
Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically: Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.
The philosophes (French for 'philosophers') were the intellectuals of the 18th-century European Enlightenment. [1] Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues.