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Concurrent and parallel programming languages involve multiple timelines. Such languages provide synchronization constructs whose behavior is defined by a parallel execution model. A concurrent programming language is defined as one which uses the concept of simultaneously executing processes or threads of execution as a means of structuring a ...
A skilled parallel programmer may take advantage of explicit parallelism to produce efficient code for a given target computation environment. However, programming with explicit parallelism is often difficult, especially for non-computing specialists, because of the extra work and skill involved in developing it.
"Embarrassingly" is used here to refer to parallelization problems which are "embarrassingly easy". [4] The term may imply embarrassment on the part of developers or compilers: "Because so many important problems remain unsolved mainly due to their intrinsic computational complexity, it would be embarrassing not to develop parallel implementations of polynomial homotopy continuation methods."
One concept used in programming parallel programs is the future concept, where one part of a program promises to deliver a required datum to another part of a program at some future time. Efforts to standardize parallel programming include an open standard called OpenHMPP for hybrid multi-core parallel programming.
Implementations of the fork–join model will typically fork tasks, fibers or lightweight threads, not operating-system-level "heavyweight" threads or processes, and use a thread pool to execute these tasks: the fork primitive allows the programmer to specify potential parallelism, which the implementation then maps onto actual parallel execution. [1]
In computer science, Linda is a coordination model that aids communication in parallel computing environments. Developed by David Gelernter , it is meant to be used alongside a full-fledged computation language like Fortran or C where Linda's role is to " create computational activities and to support communication among them".
The parallelization contract or PACT programming model is a generalization of the MapReduce programming model and uses second order functions to perform concurrent computations on large data sets in parallel.
In computing, a parallel programming model is an abstraction of parallel computer architecture, with which it is convenient to express algorithms and their composition in programs. The value of a programming model can be judged on its generality : how well a range of different problems can be expressed for a variety of different architectures ...