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Macrophages also play a role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Like T cells, macrophages can be infected with HIV, and even become a reservoir of ongoing virus replication throughout the body. HIV can enter the macrophage through binding of gp120 to CD4 and second membrane receptor, CCR5 (a chemokine receptor).
Histopathologic image of aspiration pneumonia in an elderly patient with debilitating neurologic illness. Note foreign-body giant cell reaction. Autopsy case. H & E stain. A foreign-body giant cell is a collection of fused macrophages which are generated in response to the presence of a large foreign body.
Foamy macrophages are also found in diseases caused by pathogens that persist in the body, such as Chlamydia, Toxoplasma, or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In tuberculosis (TB), bacterial lipids disable macrophages from pumping out excess LDL, causing them to turn into foam cells around the TB granulomas in the lung. The cholesterol forms a rich ...
Micrograph showing hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages, as seen in a pulmonary hemorrhage. H&E stain. An alveolar macrophage, pulmonary macrophage, (or dust cell) is a type of macrophage, a professional phagocyte, found in the airways and at the level of the alveoli in the lungs, but separated from their walls. [1]
The mononuclear phagocyte system and the monocyte macrophage system refer to two different entities, often mistakenly understood as one. [ citation needed ] " Reticuloendothelial system " is an older term for the mononuclear phagocyte system, but it is used less commonly now, as it is understood that most endothelial cells are not macrophages .
Follicular cervicitis, H&E stain, with typical features, including tingible-body macrophages. [1] A tingible body macrophage (TBM) is a type of macrophage predominantly found in germinal centers of lymph nodes. They contain many phagocytized, apoptotic cells in various states of degradation, referred to as tingible bodies (tingible meaning ...
Following biomaterial implantation, blood and body fluids contact the implant surface. Host blood proteins adsorb onto the implant surface and a fibrin matrix forms. [6] Acute and chronic inflammation follow the initial blood protein deposition and matrix formation. [6] Macrophages at the implant site fuse to form foreign body giant cells. [6]
They circulate through the body and enter various organs, where they undergo differentiation into histiocytes, which are part of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS). However, the term histiocyte has been used for multiple purposes in the past, and some cells called "histocytes" do not appear to derive from monocytic-macrophage lines. [3]