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Nardinelli, Clark. "Child Labor and the Factory Acts" Journal of Economic History 40#4 (1980), pp. 739-755 online argues it benefitted the family; Tuttle, Carolyn. Hard at work in factories and mines : the economics of child labor during the British Industrial Revolution (Westview Press, 1999).
With the onset of the Industrial Revolution in Britain in the late 18th century, there was a rapid increase in the industrial exploitation of labour, including child labour. Industrial cities such as Birmingham , Manchester , and Liverpool rapidly grew from small villages into large cities and improving child mortality rates.
Child labour increased during the Industrial Revolution due to the children's abilities to access smaller spaces and the ability to pay children less wages. In 1839 Prussia was the first country to pass laws restricting child labor in factories and setting the number of hours a child could work, [ 1 ] although a child labour law was passed was ...
The Industrial Revolution concentrated labour into mills, factories, and mines, thus facilitating the organisation of combinations or trade unions to help advance the interests of working people. The power of a union could demand better terms by withdrawing all labour and causing a consequent cessation of production.
Child labor in the United States was a common phenomenon across the economy in the 19th century. Outside agriculture, it gradually declined in the early 20th century, except in the South which added children in textile and other industries. Child labor remained common in the agricultural sector until compulsory school laws were enacted by the ...
The Sadler Report, also known as the Report of the Select Committee on Factory Children's Labour (Parliamentary Papers 1831–32, volume XV) or "the report of Mr Sadler's Committee," [a] was a report written in 1832 by Michael Sadler, the chairman of a UK parliamentary committee considering a bill that limited the hours of work of children in ...
Early mills had been water-powered, and hence sited where there was a useful fall of water, rather than where there was an available workforce. Child apprentices had been widely used as a cheap and captive workforce. [a] The Act required that cotton mills and factories be properly ventilated and basic requirements on cleanliness be met ...
In the performance of this duty, the child was obliged, from time to time, to stretch itself with sudden quickness on the ground, while the hissing machinery passed over her; and when this is skilfully done, and the head, body, and outstretched limbs carefully glued to the floor, the steady-moving, but threatening mass, may pass and repass over ...