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Ichthyosis (also named fish scale disease) [1] is a family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin. [2] The more than 20 types of ichthyosis range in severity of symptoms, outward appearance, underlying genetic cause and mode of inheritance (e.g., dominant, recessive, autosomal or X-linked). [3]
The condition is not life-threatening; the impact on the patient, if it is a mild case, is generally restricted to mild itching and the social impact of having skin with an unusual appearance. People with mild cases have symptoms that include scaly patches on the shins, fine white scales on the forearms and upper arms, and rough palms.
It specifically affects the dermis and subcutaneous fat. [1] Signs and symptoms include an area of redness which increases in size over a few days. [1] The borders of the area of redness are generally not sharp and the skin may be swollen. [1] While the redness often turns white when pressure is applied, this is not always the case. [1]
The extra skin cells form itchy, scaly, red patches. In addition to red, patchy skin, you may have joint pain or pitted or thickened nails. In skin of color, the rashes appear more dark brown or ...
The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat between the dermis and underlying fascia. [14] This tissue may be further divided into two components, the actual fatty layer, or panniculus adiposus, and a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus. [3] The main cellular component of this tissue is the adipocyte, or fat cell. [14]
The two main types of human skin are glabrous skin, the nonhairy skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [16] Within the latter type, hairs in structures called pilosebaceous units have a hair follicle , sebaceous gland , and associated arrector pili muscle. [ 17 ]
Inflammatory skin conditions: Eczema, acne, and rosacea are just a few common skin conditions that can cause facial redness. With eczema, you have redness caused by products or atopic dermatitis ...
The exact cause of this condition is not known, but it involves collagen degeneration and a granulomatous response in the layer of the skin called the dermis, often affecting the deeper fat layer and thickening dermal blood vessels. Diagnosis is confirmed through a skin biopsy showing inflammatory cell infiltrate and necrotising vasculitis.