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In a healthy eye, cocaine will stimulate the sympathetic nerves by inhibiting norepinephrine reuptake, and the pupil will dilate; if the patient has Horner syndrome, the sympathetic nerves are blocked, and the affected eye will remain constricted or dilate to a lesser extent than the opposing (unaffected) eye which also receives the eye drop ...
Saturday night retinopathy is a condition that is due to central retinal or ophthalmic artery occlusion. [5] Common clinical features include ophthalmoplegia and orbital congestion. [ 6 ] The etiology of this condition is related to unconsciousness after drug use, leading to patient sleeping in an unusual position that continuously exerts ...
Koller introduced cocaine as a local anaesthetic for eye surgery. Prior to this discovery, he had tested solutions such as chloral hydrate and morphine as anaesthetics in the eyes of laboratory animals without success. Freud was fully aware of the pain-killing properties of cocaine, but Koller recognized its tissue-numbing capabilities, and in ...
Cocaine is a relatively "balanced" inhibitor, although facilitation of dopaminergic neurotransmission is what has been linked to the reinforcing and addictive effects. In addition, cocaine has some serious limitations in terms of its cardiotoxicity [194] due to its local anesthetic activity. Thousands of cocaine users are admitted to emergency ...
Axon terminals (also called terminal boutons, synaptic boutons, end-feet, or presynaptic terminals) are distal terminations of the branches of an axon. An axon, also called a nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses called action potentials away from the neuron's cell body to transmit those ...
WebMD said this is due to several factors: the types of drugs mixed in the pink cocaine; whether alcohol is involved; how much pink cocaine is taken; and how the body reacts to the drugs.
Cataract surgery by phacoemulsification is frequently performed under surface anaesthesia. Facial nerve, which supplies the orbicularis oculi muscle, is blocked in addition for intraocular surgeries. Topical anaesthesia is known to cause endothelial and epithelial toxicity, allergy and surface keratopathy. [citation needed]
The primary causes include post-cataract surgery, certain medications, and, less commonly, neurological or ophthalmological conditions. Post-cataract surgery is a common cause, as replacing the natural lens with a synthetic one increases exposure to blue light, leading to temporary blue-tinted vision. This effect usually resolves as the eye adapts.