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The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (aka Essential Medicines List for Children [1] or EMLc [1]), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe in children up to twelve years of age to meet the most important needs in a health system.
Endothelial dysfunction may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis [5] [6] [7] and may predate vascular pathology. [ 5 ] [ 8 ] Endothelial dysfunction may also lead to increased adherence of monocytes and macrophages , as well as promoting infiltration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the vessel wall. [ 9 ]
An endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) is a drug that blocks endothelin receptors. Three main kinds of ERAs exist: Dual ET Receptor Antagonists, which affect both endothelin A (ET A) and B receptors (ET B) [1] aprocitentan, bosentan, macitentan, tezosentan; Selective ET A Receptor Antagonists, which affect endothelin A receptors
Endothelin functions through activation of two G protein-coupled receptors, endothelin A and endothelin B receptor (ETA and ETB, respectively). [2] These two subtypes of endothelin receptor are distinguished in the laboratory by the order of their affinity for the three endothelin peptides: the ETA receptor is selective for ET-1, whereas the ETB receptor has the same affinity for all three ET ...
Anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, also known as anti-VEGF (/ v ɛ dʒ ˈ ɛ f /) therapy or medication, is the use of medications that block vascular endothelial growth factor. This is done in the treatment of certain cancers and in age-related macular degeneration .
ICAM-1 is an endothelial- and leukocyte-associated transmembrane protein long known for its importance in stabilizing cell-cell interactions and facilitating leukocyte endothelial transmigration. More recently, ICAM-1 has been characterized as a site for the cellular entry of human rhinovirus . [ 13 ]
The Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is a strong vasodilator produced by cardiac endothelial cells in response to stress signals such as high levels of ADP accumulation or hypoxia. [ citation needed ] Robert F. Furchgott is widely recognised for this discovery, even going so far as to be a co-recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in ...
The chronic endothelial injury hypothesis is one of two major mechanisms postulated to explain the underlying cause of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD), the other being the lipid hypothesis. Although an ongoing debate involving connection between dietary lipids and CHD sometimes portrays the two hypotheses as being opposed, they ...