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In humans the LGN is normally described as having six distinctive layers. The inner two layers, (1 and 2) are magnocellular layers, while the outer four layers, (3, 4, 5 and 6), are parvocellular layers. An additional set of neurons, known as the koniocellular layers, are found ventral to each of the magnocellular and parvocellular layers.
Koniocellular neurons not labeled, but are present between the layers. In neuroscience , koniocellular cells , also called K-cells , are relatively small neurons located in the koniocellular layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) within the thalamus of primates , including humans.
In neuroscience, parvocellular cells, also called P-cells, are neurons located within the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus. Their name comes from Latin parvus ' small ', due to the small size of the cell compared to the larger magnocellular cells. Phylogenetically, parvocellular neurons are more ...
Receptors are located throughout the body including the skin, epithelia, internal organs, skeletal muscles, bones, and joints. The cutaneous receptors of the skin project in an orderly fashion to the spinal cord , and from there, via different afferent pathways ( dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract and spinothalamic tract ), to the ventral ...
An additional set of neurons, known as the koniocellular cell (K cell) layers, are found ventral to each of the M cell and P cell layers. [2] [3]: 227ff [4] These layers were named this way because cells in the M layers of the LGN are larger than cells in the P layers. [3]: 228 [5]
These neurons show roughly circular receptive fields with antagonistic center and surround; this property is known as spatial opponency and these neurons are typically divided into ON- or OFF-center, depending on whether they are excited or inhibited by photons falling on the center of their receptive fields. [2]
The neurophysiological studies on PGO waves conclude that the generation of these waves resides in a collection of neurons located in the pons, regardless of species research is done on. [9] From this point, the neurons branch out in a network that leads the phasic electrical signal toward the lateral geniculate nucleus and the occipital lobe.
The pulvinar nuclei or nuclei of the pulvinar (nuclei pulvinares) are the nuclei (cell bodies of neurons) located in the thalamus (a part of the vertebrate brain). [1] As a group they make up the collection called the pulvinar of the thalamus (pulvinar thalami), usually just called the pulvinar.