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In 1559, the Italian wars between France and Spain ended with the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis. These wars had nearly bankrupted both countries. [ 43 ] Additionally, the death of Henry II in July 1559 created a political vacuum and an internal struggle for power between rival factions, which the 15-year-old Francis II lacked the ability to control.
began as a religious war; quickly became a French–Habsburg political clash 2,000,000 [47] 4,000,000 [47] French Wars of Religion: France: 1562: 1598: 36 years: Protestants (mainly Reformed) against Catholics: began as a religious war, and largely remained such 315,000 [citation needed] 868,000 (616,000 in Ireland) [48] War of the Three Kingdoms
By the end of 1562 the rebel Protestant presence in much of France had been successfully neutralised. However, in Languedoc and Dauphiné they remained entrenched under Crussol's leadership. Meanwhile Admiral Coligny oversaw the resurgence of their cause in Normandie shortly before the end of the war.
The First French War of Religion (2 April 1562 – 19 March 1563) was the opening civil war of the French Wars of Religion. The war began when in response to the massacre of Wassy by the duc de Guise (duke of Guise) , the prince de Condé seized Orléans on 2 April.
Holy wars were fought in northern France, against King Roger II of Sicily, various heretics, their protectors, mercenary bands and the first political crusade against Markward of Anweiler. Full crusading apparatus was deployed against Christians in the conflict with the Cathar heretics of southern France and their Christian protectors in the ...
The French Wars of Religion, 1562–1629. Cambridge University Press. Knecht, Robert Jean (1989). The French Wars of Religion, 1559–1598. Longman. Lamal, Nina (2016). "Promoting the Catholic Cause on the Italian Peninsula: Printed Avvisi on the Dutch Revolt and the French Wars of Religion, 1562–1600". In Raymond, Joad; Moxham, Noah (eds.).
The crisis of the late Middle Ages comprised a series of events across Europe during the 14th and 15th centuries (the late Middle Ages) that ended a centuries-long period of stability. [1] Three major crises led to radical changes in all areas of society: demographic collapse , political instability , and religious upheavals.
This is a list of wars involving modern France from the abolition of the French monarchy and the establishment of the French First Republic on 21 September 1792 until the current Fifth Republic. For wars involving the Kingdom of France (987–1792), see List of wars involving the Kingdom of France. For pre-987 wars, see List of wars involving ...