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The distance between the axis of the crankpins and the axis of the crankshaft determines the stroke length of the engine. [1] Most modern car engines are classified as "over square" or short-stroke, [citation needed] wherein the stroke is less than the diameter of the cylinder bore. A common way to increase the low-RPM torque of an engine is to ...
With a V angle of 90 degrees and offset crank pins, a V-twin engine can have perfect primary balance. If a shared crank pin is used (such as in a Ducati V-twin engine), the 360° crankshaft results in an uneven firing interval. These engines also have primary reciprocating-plane and rotating-plane imbalances.
A Rzeppa-type CV joint. A constant-velocity joint (also called a CV joint and homokinetic joint) is a mechanical coupling which allows the shafts to rotate freely (without an appreciable increase in friction or backlash) and compensates for the angle between the two shafts, within a certain range, to maintain the same velocity.
This engine was the first to locate one balance shaft higher than the other, to counteract the second order rolling couple (i.e. about the crankshaft axis) due to the torque exerted by the inertia caused by increases and decreases in engine speed. [6] [7] In a flat-four engine, the forces are cancelled out by the pistons moving in opposite ...
This difference becomes significant in high-speed engines, which may need balance shafts to reduce the vibration due to this "secondary imbalance". The mechanical advantage of a crank, the ratio between the force on the connecting rod and the torque on the shaft, varies throughout the crank's cycle. The relationship between the two is ...
Then, using the triangle law of sines, it is found that the rod-vertical angle is 18.60639° and the crank-rod angle is 88.21832°. Clearly, in this example, the angle between the crank and the rod is not a right angle. Summing the angles of the triangle 88.21832° + 18.60639° + 73.17530° gives 180.00000°.
In mechanical engineering, backlash, sometimes called lash, play, or slop, is a clearance or lost motion in a mechanism caused by gaps between the parts. It can be defined as "the maximum distance or angle through which any part of a mechanical system may be moved in one direction without applying appreciable force or motion to the next part in mechanical sequence."
The purpose and detail of implementation influence whether this application is called a cam or a screw thread, but in some cases, the nomenclature may be ambiguous. Cylindrical cams may also be used to reference an output to two inputs, where one input is the rotation of the cylinder and the other is the position of the follower along the cam.