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The geocentric model held sway into the early modern age, but from the late 16th century onward, it was gradually superseded by the heliocentric model of Copernicus (1473–1543), Galileo (1564–1642), and Kepler (1571–1630). There was much resistance to the transition between these two theories, since for a long time the geocentric ...
The obsolete geocentric model places Earth at the centre of the Universe.. This list includes well-known general theories in science and pre-scientific natural philosophy and natural history that have since been superseded by other scientific theories.
This proved that it orbits the Sun and not Earth, as predicted by Copernicus's heliocentric model and disproved the then conventional geocentric model (second image). Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist who is sometimes referred to as the "father of modern observational astronomy ". [ 16 ]
Geocentrists who did verify and accept Galileo's findings had an alternative to Ptolemy's model in an alternative geocentric (or "geo-heliocentric") model proposed some decades earlier by Tycho Brahe – a model in which, for example, Venus circled the Sun. Tycho argued that the distance to the stars in the Copernican system would have to be ...
The first non-geocentric model of the universe was proposed by the Pythagorean philosopher Philolaus (d. 390 BC), who taught that at the center of the universe was a "central fire", around which the Earth, Sun, Moon and planets revolved in uniform circular motion.
This proved that, as predicted by Copernicus's heliocentric model, Venus orbits the Sun and not Earth, and disproved the then conventional geocentric model (second image). Controversy See also: Catholic Church and science
This model positioned the Sun at the center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it in circular paths, modified by epicycles, and at uniform speeds. The Copernican model displaced the geocentric model of Ptolemy that had prevailed for centuries, which had placed Earth at the center of the Universe.
This proved that it orbits the Sun and not Earth, as predicted by Copernicus's heliocentric model, and disproved Ptolemy's geocentric model (second image). The first observations of the full planetary phases of Venus were by Galileo at the end of 1610 (though not published until 1613 in the Letters on Sunspots ).