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SARPE is performed to address the transverse dimension changes in a patient. Sometimes this surgery is followed by Le Fort 1 in a second surgery to address the vertical and the anterior-posterior changes. Between the two surgeries, a patient's constricted maxillary arch is expanded with the rapid maxillary expander device placed in the maxilla.
Strabismus surgery (also: extraocular muscle surgery, eye muscle surgery, or eye alignment surgery) is surgery on the extraocular muscles to correct strabismus, the misalignment of the eyes. [1] Strabismus surgery is a one-day procedure that is usually performed under general anesthesia most commonly by either a neuro- or pediatric ...
Adult and child observers perceived a right heterotropia as more disturbing than a left heterotropia, and child observers perceived an esotropia as "worse" than an exotropia. [22] Successful surgical correction of strabismus, for adult as well as children, has been shown to have a significantly positive effect on psychological well-being. [23] [24]
A palatal expander is a device in the field of orthodontics which is used to widen the upper jaw [1] so that the bottom and upper teeth will fit together better. [2] [3] This is a common orthodontic procedure. The use of an expander is most common in children and adolescents 8–18 years of age.
Pseudostrabismus generally occurs in infants and toddlers, whose facial features are not fully developed. The bridge of their nose is wide and flat, creating telecanthus (increased distance between medial canthus of both eyes).
Although glasses and/or patching therapy, exercises, or prisms may reduce or help control the outward-turning eye in some children, surgery is often required. A common form of exotropia is known as " convergence insufficiency " that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises.
[1] In some cases, subjective and objective cyclodeviation may result from surgery for oblique muscle disorders; if the visual system cannot compensate for it, cyclotropia and rotational double vision (cyclodiplopia) may result. [2] [3] The role of cyclotropia in vision disorders is not always correctly identified. In several cases of double ...
Males tend to have larger teeth than females, [1] and tooth size also varies by race. [1] Abnormal tooth size is defined by some as when the dimensions are more than 2 standard deviations from the average. [1] Microdontia is when the teeth are abnormally small, and macrodontia is when the teeth are abnormally large.